Systematic Strategies for Decarbonizing Nigerian Energy and Transport Sectors

Abstract

The Nigerian energy and transport sectors heavily relied on fossil fuels, and electricity to
thrive in modern economy. Thus, it has elevated the levels of energy poverty and emissions,
and the untapped potential of renewable energy sources. The alarming consequences of
climate change is another factor that have fueled a global movement to transition of cleaner
energy sources. Remarkably, Nigeria has actively embraced this movement, demonstrating
its commitment through unwavering participation in the Paris Agreement. This study seeks
to develop energy plan model that serves as an input/output simulation tool designed for
energy system analysis. The proposed model is specifically tailored towards a high
renewable energy system. Also, a strategic energy planning, and economic analyses that
emphasizes the integration of renewable energy to achieve low carbon energy penetration
was developed. The model was validated by comparing the energy plan simulations with
actual data from Nigeria's energy system in 2020. Results show the environmental and
economic benefits of increasing renewable energy percentages in the energy mix. The
techno-economic analysis focuses on Wind, River Hydro, and Solar technologies for 2050.
Simulations reveal the linear relationship between renewable energy supply and reduced
CO2 emissions and total annual costs. The study suggests scaling up Hydroelectricity,
followed by Solar and Wind energy, based on economic considerations, water availability,
and technology reliability.