Security Enhancement Using Multifactor Authentication Strategy for the Solenoid Door Access Control and Management: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Traditional door access control systems predominantly rely on single or dualfactor
authentication mechanisms, making it vulnerable to credential theft,
unauthorized access and spoofing attacks. We implement a multifactor
authentication approach to enhance security using a fused knowledge-based (PIN),
possession-based (RFID), and inherence-based (biometric) authentication for
secure door access control. The system use an ESP32 microcontroller as central
processing unit, interfaced with RFID readers, biometric sensors, and a mobile
application for comprehensive user verification. Performance evaluation
conducted over 30 days demonstrated 98.7% authentication accuracy, average
response time of 3.2 seconds, 100% spoofing resistance, and 99.97% system
uptime. Comparative analysis with conventional two-factor systems revealed
significant improvements in security resilience, with 45% better resistance to PIN
brute force attacks, 75% improvement in RFID cloning resistance, and 80%
enhancement in access log integrity. The proposed system addresses critical
vulnerabilities in traditional access control mechanisms while maintaining userfriendly
operation, making it suitable for deployment in high-security
environments such as data centres, educational institutions, and government
facilities.