https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/issue/feedFUPRE Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research (FJSIR)2025-07-29T08:55:48+00:00Prof. Ezekiel O. Agbalagbamanagingeditor@fupre.edu.ngOpen Journal Systems<div style="text-align: justify;"> <p><img src="/journal/public/site/images/admin/fjsir.jpg"></p> <p>The <strong>FUPRE Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research (FJSIR)</strong> is a peer reviewed and authoritative journal which publishes research results/articles/papers in engineering, science and industrial development and practices. It is published twice in a year. Papers are received for consideration throughout the year.</p> <p><strong>Notes to Contributors</strong><br> The journal will be published <strong>Four times </strong>a year – in <strong> January, April, June, and September.</strong> It will be produced both in hard copy and electronic form and hosted in the University web site.</p> </div>https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/article/view/426Developing A Web Application for Pandemic Palliative Food Distribution Using Blockchain Technology2025-07-29T08:55:32+00:00E. J. EDEKIedeki.ese@fupre.edu.ngO. OKUMOKU-EVROROevroro.oniovosa@delsu.edu.ngG. E. IZAKPAizakpa_eg@pti.edu.ng<p>Blockchain technology can track food supply chains and also help to build trust<br>between donors and end-users. The COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental impacts<br>on the world economy, resulting in food shortages. Addressing the averting of food<br>loss in the process of the supply chain, involving both contributors and<br>manufacturers, has emerged as a significant defiance for many establishments.<br>This research created a web application aimed at alleviating food distribution<br>issues during the pandemic, utilizing blockchain technology. Following an<br>examination of the current food distribution methods in Nigeria, the study<br>formulated a model that incorporates the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) 256 for<br>effective food distribution. The result after evaluation of the developed model<br>performance showed responsiveness as 69%, speed as 70% and availability as<br>80%, so with that, effective distribution of pandemic palliatives item was made<br>possible substantially using blockchain technology.</p>2025-07-28T00:00:00+00:00##submission.copyrightStatement##https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/article/view/427Production of Vanillin Alcohol from Sawdust as an Intermediate Product for the Production of Epoxy Resin2025-07-29T08:55:33+00:00H. K. TORTORhenrytortor@gmail.comT ODISUodisu.teddy@fupre.edu.ng<p>This study focuses on the production of vanillin alcohol from sawdust, which is a<br>renewable and abundant lignocellulosic biomass, as an intermediate product for<br>the synthesis of epoxy resin. The research aims to utilize sawdust (a waste that<br>presently creates disposal challenge) as a sustainable raw material to reduce<br>Nigeria’s reliance on imported specialty chemicals, particularly in the oil and gas<br>industry. The process involved three main stages: extraction of lignin from sawdust<br>using a Soxhlet extractor, oxidation of lignin to vanillin with alkaline nitrobenzene,<br>and the reduction of vanillin-to-vanillin alcohol using sodium borohydride, with<br>an 80-90% yield. The reaction parameters, which include temperature, reaction<br>time, NaOH concentration, and sawdust particle size, were systematically varied<br>to optimize process efficiency and eventual yield. The final product was<br>characterized using melting point determination and ferric chloride chemical test,<br>confirming the successful synthesis of vanillin alcohol. The study demonstrated<br>that smaller sawdust particle sizes (1.18 mm) increased lignin yield due to<br>enhanced surface area availability, resulting in a 3% improvement in vanillin<br>production. Key challenges, such as equipment limitations and reagent availability,<br>were addressed to ensure reliable results. This research presents a cost-effective<br>and environmentally friendly approach to producing vanillin alcohol, supporting<br>the development of bio-based epoxy resins and reducing dependency on synthetic<br>chemicals.</p>##submission.copyrightStatement##https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/article/view/428Development and Characterization of an Oil-Soluble Viscosifier for an Oil-Based Drilling Fluid Preparation with Sugarcane Bagasse2025-07-29T08:55:34+00:00E. O. OHIMORohimor.evuensiri@fupre.edu.ng<p>Drilling fluids are essential in drilling operations, transporting cuttings to the<br>surface, and providing requirements to prevent catastrophic events during drilling<br>operations. This work is aimed at developing a suitable viscosifier, from and agrowaste<br>product (sugarcane bagasse), which contains a considerable amount of wax,<br>which is soluble in the oil phase of the OBM, thereby improving the rheological<br>properties of the entire mud. This was achieved by Solvent Extraction of processed<br>sugarcane bagasse, using carbon tetrachloride as a solvent, Isopropyl alcohol and<br>activated carbon for the treatment of obtained wax. The activated carbon was also<br>produced from 50% of the air-dried bagasse, and wax was extracted from (60g,<br>75g, 80g, and 85g) of powdered bagasse sample, having a yield of an average of<br>11.3% (wt. /wt.) basis. Obtained wax was characterized by Fourier Transform<br>Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), indicating the presence of alkanes, ketones,<br>alcohols, aldehydes and carboxylic acids respectively. Oil-based mud having a mud<br>weight of 10.00ppg was prepared, using Diesel oil as base oil with an oil/water ratio<br>of 70/20. It was tested with varying concentrations of the developed sugarcane wax<br>viscosifier (0%, 0.46%, 0.91%, 1.35%, 1.80% and 2.24%), to observe trends in<br>rheological properties such as Apparent Viscosity, Plastic Viscosity, Yield Point,<br>Gel Strengths and Marsh Funnel Viscosity, which revealed a positive increasing<br>trend of rheological properties with an increase in concentration of the viscosifier;<br>carried out at room temperature. OBM Electrical Stabilities were also obtained<br>and revealed a decreasing trend with an increase in viscosifier concentration.<br>Therefore, Sugarcane waxes can serve as substitutes for Viscosifiers in OBMs.</p>2025-07-29T05:21:01+00:00##submission.copyrightStatement##https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/article/view/429Geochemical and Multi-Index Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Surface Soils of Auto-Mechanic Workshops in Effurun, Niger Delta, Nigeria2025-07-29T08:55:35+00:00E. S. CHINEMELUchinemelu.sandra@fupre.edu.ngH. A. OGBORchinemelu.sandra@fupre.edu.ng<p>This study investigates the pollution levels and ecological risks posed by heavy metals<br>in surface soils of auto-mechanic workshops in Effurun, Niger Delta, Nigeria. A total<br>of forty soil samples, composited into eight representative samples (including a<br>control), were systematically collected from various parts of the auto-mechanic<br>village, and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Mean<br>concentrations (mg/kg) of heavy metals across sampled sites followed the order: Fe<br>(806.85) >Zn (128.46)>Cu (33.68) >Pb (21.49) >Ni (5.55) >Cr (1.10)>Cd (0.29),<br>significantly exceeding control values and international guidelines. Contamination<br>assessment using multiple indices revealed: extreme contamination factors for Pb<br>(CF=860.27), Cr (CF=2076), and Ni (CF=2776.5) at site C6; geo-accumulation indices<br>indicating extreme pollution (Igeo>5) for multiple metals; and enrichment factors<br>showing moderate to severe anthropogenic inputs (EF=3.8-22.5). All sites exhibited<br>Pollution Load Index values exceeding 1 (ranging from 1.32-57.65), indicating soil<br>quality deterioration. Site C6 emerged as a critical pollution hotspot with extremely<br>high ecological risk (RI=24,116.15). Statistical analyses identified significant positive<br>correlations between Cu-Zn (r=0.809), Pb-Ni (r=0.841), and Cu-Ni (r=0.792).<br>Principal Component Analysis extracted three components explaining 76.1% of total<br>variance, while Hierarchical Cluster Analysis classified sites into three distinct<br>contamination levels. These findings demonstrate significant environmental<br>degradation and necessitate urgent environmental regulation, remediation efforts,<br>improved waste management, and continuous monitoring to mitigate ecological and<br>health risks in this sensitive region.</p>2025-07-29T05:28:50+00:00##submission.copyrightStatement##https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/article/view/430Evaluation and analysis of SUWAN-1-SR Escherichia coli-mediated acetone-butanolethanol fermentation using roasted corn cob species for biobutanol synthesis2025-07-29T08:55:36+00:00J. E. OSSAIjoy.ossai@uniben.eduF. O. OSHOMOGHOfred.oshomogho@uniben.edu<p>The Objective of this paper was to describe and assess the SUWAN-1-SR species<br>of roasted corn cobs for the acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation process using<br>Escherichia coli to produce biobutanol. The feedstock percentage content of<br>cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin was estimated, with values of 43.65%, 51.50%,<br>and 4.85%, respectively. Variations in elemental composition were found when the<br>SUWAN-1-SR Species of maize cobs were characterized; potassium had the<br>highest weight percentage of 0.75 and a of peak 4143 cp/Ma The Response surface<br>model optimization showed how time 27.1978 minutes, temperature of 80.69810C<br>and a maximum concentration of 0.4623mol/dm3 were adjusted based on the<br>model developed from each response and gave the percentage total sugar yield of<br>1489.88 g/l for SUWAN-1 SR species of roasted corn cobs, the adjusted R2 value<br>was 0.9054. HPLC analysis was also performed to determine the concentration of<br>biobutanol produced from the ABE fermentation process.</p>2025-07-29T05:38:10+00:00##submission.copyrightStatement##https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/article/view/431Bacteriological and Physicochemical Evaluation of Petroleum Reservoirs (Flow Stations) in Delta State, Nigeria2025-07-29T08:55:37+00:00E. A. ODESIRI- ERUTEYANodesiri.e.eunice@gmail.comB. H. AKPEJIodesiri.e.eunice@gmail.com<p>The chemical and physical characteristics of crude oil are greatly influenced by<br>microbial activity in petroleum reservoirs, which also affects the oil's economic value<br>and circumstances of exploitation. The physicochemical and bacteriological<br>properties of crude oil samples taken from four flow stations in Delta State, Nigeria,<br>were examined in this study. Total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), hydrocarbonutilizing<br>bacteria (HUB), and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were analysed using<br>standard microbiological procedures. Also, using recognized analytical techniques,<br>physicochemical parameters including pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, dissolved<br>oxygen, and sulfate concentration were ascertained. The findings showed that the<br>crude oils had a pH ranged from 6.20 to 6.70, that of total nitrogen ranged from 0.05<br>to 0.08 percent, and that the organic carbon ranged from 9.42% to 11.23 percent.<br>Potential hazards for microbial corrosion and biofouling were indicated by the<br>considerable variation in total heterotrophic bacterial counts, which ranged from<br>1.10×107 to 3.1×107 cfu/ml. Hydrocarbon- utilizing bacterial counts ranged from<br>0.4×104 to 1.2×104 cfu/ml, indicating active microbial engagement in the<br>biodegradation of crude oil. The samples were classified as sweet crude because of the<br>notable absence of sulfate-reducing bacteria, which is consistent with the reported<br>non-detection of sulfur compounds. The majority of the bacterial isolates found were<br>Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, which are known to contribute to<br>biofilms formation, breakdown of hydrocarbons, and biocorrosion. In order to reduce<br>adverse effects on oil production, environmental integrity, and public health, the<br>study emphasizes the significance of continuous microbiological surveillance and<br>reservoir management.</p>2025-07-29T05:47:30+00:00##submission.copyrightStatement##https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/article/view/432Securing Ride-Sharing Platforms with Blockchain: Enhancing Privacy, Fraud Prevention, And Transaction Integrity Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography and Zero- Knowledge Proofs2025-07-29T08:55:38+00:00U. E. MICHAELako.rita@fupre.edu.ngR. E. AKOako.rita@fupre.edu.ngN. U. STARako.rita@fupre.edu.ng<p>The increasing reliance on centralized ride-sharing platforms has led to significant<br>security vulnerabilities, including data breaches, fraud, and identity theft. This<br>study proposes a blockchain-based ride-sharing framework leveraging Elliptic<br>Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) to enhance<br>security, privacy, and transparency. ECC is implemented for secure digital<br>signatures and authentication, ensuring tamper-proof ride transactions with<br>reduced computational overhead compared to traditional cryptographic methods.<br>ZKPs enable anonymous identity verification, allowing users to authenticate<br>themselves without revealing personal data, thereby mitigating identity fraud and<br>unauthorized access. A comparative performance evaluation is conducted to assess<br>the transaction speed, latency, scalability, and security resilience of the proposed<br>blockchain-based system versus traditional centralized ride-sharing platforms.<br>The findings reveal that while blockchain transactions experience slightly higher<br>latency (1.5–2.3s) and lower scalability (900–1,050 TPS) than centralized systems,<br>they exhibit superior security resilience, successfully blocking over 90% of<br>cyberattacks. Matplotlib-generated performance charts over seven days of uptime<br>illustrate blockchain’s advantages in fraud prevention and transaction integrity,<br>despite its current scalability challenges. The study also provides a detailed<br>mathematical breakdown of ECC and ZKPs, demonstrating their implementation<br>in ride-sharing identity verification and secure fare processing. The results suggest<br>that future ride-sharing architectures should incorporate hybrid blockchain<br>models to balance scalability and decentralization. The proposed framework<br>contributes to the advancement of secure, privacy-preserving, and fraud-resistant<br>decentralized transportation systems, paving the way for real-world deployment<br>and industry adoption.</p>2025-07-29T05:54:37+00:00##submission.copyrightStatement##https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/article/view/433Monitoring of Crude Oil Pipeline Using Long-Range Network2025-07-29T08:55:39+00:00S. A. ETETAFIAoetetafia@yahoo.comJ. E. OKHAIFOHokhaifoh.joseph@fupre.edu.ngH. E. IDUDJEidudje.henry@fupre.edu.ng<p>This study presents a crude oil pipeline monitoring system using Long Range<br>(LoRa) networks in Internet of Things (IoT)-based technology. Pipeline leakages,<br>caused by aging pipes, rusting, and vandalism, remain a major challenge in crude<br>oil distribution. While existing IoT-based solutions use short-range technologies<br>like Bluetooth, WiFi, and ZigBee for real-time monitoring, they struggle with longdistance<br>communication in remote areas with poor network coverage. This study<br>applies LoRa technology to transmit leakage data over long distances to a remote<br>monitoring point. An experimental testbed was designed to simulate pipeline<br>scenarios, using pressure readings to detect leaks. Results showed that in 9 seconds,<br>leak pressure at point 1 (P1) near the supply rose from 0 Psi to 11.74 Psi, while<br>pressures at P2 (0.325m from P1) and P3 (0.55m from P2) increased to 10.48 Psi<br>and 9.79 Psi, respectively. This indicates that leak pressures build up more near<br>the supply source, and increasing the leak opening results in higher pressure loss.<br>The findings highlight the effectiveness of LoRa-based IoT systems for real-time,<br>long-range pipeline monitoring and early leak detection.</p>2025-07-29T06:05:44+00:00##submission.copyrightStatement##https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/article/view/434Design, Fabrication and Optimization of an Automated Groundnut Shelling Machine2025-07-29T08:55:40+00:00O. E. ABIRHIREengrkekule02@gmail.comI. E. MARKSONidorenyinmarkson@uniuyo.edu.ngU. P. ANAIDHUNOanaidhuno.ufuoma@fupre.edu.ngF. I. ASHIEDUashiedu.ifeanyi@fupre.edu.ng<p>This research investigated the design, fabrication and optimization of an<br>automated groundnut shelling machine to overcome challenges associated with<br>manual shelling, including increased labour costs, longer processing times, and<br>inconsistent shelling quality. The methodology involves a multi-objective<br>optimization approach, considering factors such as the radius of the shelling drum,<br>radius of the concave mesh, surface area in contact with shelling blades, rasp bar<br>spacing, and the number of shelling blades. The performance evaluation includes<br>mechanical damage, shelling efficiency, and throughput capacity, measured<br>through experiments using groundnut seeds. Material selection for the groundnut<br>sheller was based on a materials index. The result showed that carbon steel is the<br>most preferable material, followed by low alloy steel, aluminium, wrought iron,<br>stainless steel, and oak wood. A global optimal condition was found at radius of the<br>shelling drum (X1) of 0.17, radius of the concave mesh (X2) of 0.0914, surface area<br>in contact with shelling blades (X3) of 0.424, rasp bar spacing (X4) of 0.013 and<br>number of shelling blades (X5) of 3. At these conditions, mechanical damage (Y1),<br>shelling efficiency (Y2), and throughput capacity (Y3) were 12.32%, 80.4942% and<br>50.22 g/sec respectively. The validation of the mathematical model through<br>ANOVA confirms the adequacy and significance of the coefficients in the developed<br>model. The Pareto chart visually represents the standardized effects of different<br>parameters, providing insights into the relative importance of factor combinations.<br>The designed and fabricated machine demonstrated promising results and<br>reduced damage.</p>2025-07-29T06:16:27+00:00##submission.copyrightStatement##https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/article/view/435Health Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of PAHs in Rainwater Obtained in an Urban Area in Southern Nigeria2025-07-29T08:55:42+00:00G. E. ODESAgabriel.odesa@dou.edu.ngD. U. OLANNYEgabriel.odesa@dou.edu.ngH. C. UWAJINGBAgabriel.odesa@dou.edu.ngE. E. ONUCHUKWUgabriel.odesa@dou.edu.ng<p>This study investigates the presence and composition of potential health risks from<br>the sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rainwater collected<br>from urban rooftops in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. Ten rainwater samples were<br>analyzed for their PAH composition using Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization<br>Detection (GC-FID), HP5890 Series II model. Average Daily Dose (ADD),<br>benzo(a)pyrene toxic equivalence (B(A)Pteq), and carcinogenic toxic equivalence<br>(TEQs) were utilized to evaluate the potential health risks associated with the<br>consumption of the rainwater. Also, molecular diagnostic ratios were employed to<br>identify the sources of PAHs in the water. The results indicated the presence of<br>PAHs in all the samples, with average concentrations ranging from 0.21 to 6.4 μg/L.<br>The evaluated ADD values ranged from 0.006286 to 0.201143 μg/L, while B(A)Pteq<br>ranged from 0.0013 to 2.5, with a TEQ value of 5.1. The study established that most<br>PAH levels were below critical thresholds for non-carcinogenic effects. The<br>potential cancer risk assessment (B(A)Pteq and TEQs) revealed values exceeding<br>the USEPA's negligible risk threshold for cancer risk (CR), indicating significant<br>public health concerns. Furthermore, it was observed that lower molecular weight<br>PAHs accounted for 63.73% of the total composition. Inferences from the<br>molecular diagnostic ratio plots suggest that the pyrogenic processes, particularly<br>fuel combustion from industrial and vehicular emissions were dominant sources of<br>PAHs in the rainwater.</p>2025-07-29T06:28:28+00:00##submission.copyrightStatement##https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/article/view/436Investigating the structural, optical and electrical properties of electrochemically deposited aluminum-doped manganese sulfide for photovoltaic applications2025-07-29T08:55:43+00:00R. O. IJEHrufus.ijeh@unidel.edu.ngL. IMOSOBOMEHikhioyalucky@gmail.com<p>MnS has garnered considerable research attention because of its interesting<br>magneto-optical properties, layered structure and superior charge transport<br>facilitated by ionic strength. The micrographs revealed that Al doped MnS resulted<br>to agglomeration from rod like shapes to uniform spherical nanostructures. The<br>XRD analysis of MnS reveals a cubic crystal structure, evidenced by distinct peaks.<br>The pattern of MnS is modified by the addition of aluminum due to Mn ion<br>replacement resulting to subtle peak position and intensity changes. The energy<br>bandgap decreased from 2.30 to 2.22 eV as the concentration increased from 0.1 to<br>0.3 M. The results obtained from the four-point probe showed that as the electrical<br>resistivity increased from 0.126 to 0.142 ohm/m, the resulting conductivity reduced<br>from 7.935 to 7.042 S/m. The deposited thin films can be applied for photovoltaic<br>and solar cells applications.</p>2025-07-29T06:38:26+00:00##submission.copyrightStatement##https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/article/view/437Development Of an Improved Machine Learning Model for Stock Exchange Prediction System Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)2025-07-29T08:55:43+00:00B. U. NWOZORnwozor.blessing@fupre.edu.ngE. EMMANUELedoge4marine@gmail.com<p>The stock market serves as a fundamental driver and indicator of a nation’s<br>economy, providing opportunities for investors to trade and invest in shares of<br>companies and organizations listed on stock exchanges. This process aids in<br>enhancing the capital base of these companies, thereby yielding profits for market<br>investors. However, a significant challenge within the stock market is its inherent<br>volatility and uncertainty. The prices of various companies' stocks may fluctuate<br>unpredictably, resulting in potential investment losses. This dissertation proposes<br>a machine learning algorithm designed to predict stock market activities, aiming<br>to assist investors in making informed investment decisions. Specifically, we<br>introduce a Recurrent Neural Network model, the Long Short-Term Memory<br>(LSTM), utilizing the Structured System Analysis and Design Methodology<br>(SSADM). The model focuses on predicting the stock performance of Banks in<br>Nigeria, using a dataset sourced from the Nigerian Stock Exchange Group<br>repository, covering the period from 2000 to 2011. Implemented in Python within<br>Google Collaboratory, a cloud-based open-source machine learning development<br>environment, the model achieved an accuracy of 97.8% with a low error margin.<br>This high accuracy makes the model suitable for stock market prediction, thereby<br>mitigating investment risks and enhancing investor confidence.</p>2025-07-29T06:49:12+00:00##submission.copyrightStatement##https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/article/view/438Hybrid Deep Learning Convolution Neural Network Scheme for Enhanced Human Activity Recognition System in Security Surveillance2025-07-29T08:55:44+00:00B. B. OSIALAblessingosiala@gmail.comR. E. AKOako.rita@fupre.edu.ngV. O. GETELOMAgeteloma.victor@fupre.edu.ng<p>Nigeria continues to experience a high security breach with the attendant loss of lives and<br>properties worth in billions especially in the North-East as ravaged by insurgency,<br>kidnapping and other forms of crime that have overwhelmed law enforcement agencies.<br>Technology have been explored to help curb security threats and improve surveillance. This<br>study proposes an enhanced human activity recognition system with hybrid deep learning<br>fuzzy convolutional neural network. We utilize dynamic agile development mode using the<br>python IDE for training and testing the machine learning models. The CNN-Fuzzy model<br>was trained with 3,500 dataset extracted from 7 classes of the UCF Crime dataset which was<br>further split into 70:30 ratio for training and test purposes. The model after 30 epoch with<br>training and validation accuracy of 0.9954 and 0.9954 yielded a prediction accuracy of<br>97.14%, Recall of 97.14%, F1-Score of 96.83% and precision of 114.2 outperforming the<br>existing system making it an efficient tool for security surveillance to mitigate security<br>breaches and generate early warning signals for security agencies.</p>2025-07-29T06:59:47+00:00##submission.copyrightStatement##https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/article/view/439Evaluating the Effects of Cu-Water Nanofluid, Space/Temperature Dependent Heat Source/Sink on Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Heat and Mass Transfer Stretching sheet with Buoyancy Forces2025-07-29T08:55:45+00:00J. S. DAMISAdamisa.john@fupre.edu.ngI. J. UGBENEugbene.ifeanyi@fupre.edu.ngJ. Y. ABORISADEdamisa.john@fupre.edu.ngM. A. OKEDOYEokedoye.akindeler@fupre.edu.ng<p>Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) heat and mass transfer with nanofluid flow has<br>attracted several authors in science, engineering and several fields of endeavour.<br>Several Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids experiences friction in the course of<br>motion due to the presence of viscous forces. The flow of Cu-water nanofluid<br>volume fraction with the combine effects of space, temperature dependent heat<br>source/sink and buoyancy forces is considered in this study. The governing<br>equation is transformed from partial differential to ordinary differential using the<br>stream function and the similarity variables and solved numerically using solved<br>numerical using the mathematical package called the Mid-point Richardson<br>extrapolation code in MAPLE 2021. Hence, results are shown in tables and graphs<br>for various increasing values of the governing parameters. It is revealed from the<br>result of the study that the increase in the second-grade parameter (α) results in<br>the increase of the fluid velocity, The increasing function of the volume fraction (φ)<br>brings about the increase in the fluid motion and in the temperature of the fluid at<br>free stream, the increase in the space and temperature dependent heat source/sink<br>parameters A and B respectively result to the increase in the of the temperature at<br>the free stream and decrease in the concentration of the fluid and the increase in<br>the yields result to increase in the motion, temperature and concentration of the<br>fluid.</p>2025-07-29T07:11:04+00:00##submission.copyrightStatement##https://journal.fupre.edu.ng/index.php/fjsir/article/view/441Relevance of Adequate Sewage disposal on Disease Prevalence Amongst Sub-urban Communities in Delta State: a Case of Uvwie2025-07-29T08:55:46+00:00E. B. IGEREeyetantega@yahoo.com<p>The study investigated Relevance of Adequate Sewage disposal on Disease<br>Prevalence Amongst Sub-urban Communities in Delta State: a Case of Uvwie. The<br>study used combined expo-factor and survey research designs, collecting medical<br>case reports from Uvwie and distributing questionnaires to five communities. The<br>dataset included medical records from the Central Hospital in Ekpan from 2023.<br>The questionnaires were distributed using systematic sampling to ensure coverage.<br>A total of 180 questionnaires were distributed evenly across five communities, with<br>36 per community and each fifth building. The data was analysed with Multiple<br>Regression. The physicochemical properties of sewage discharged in a specific area<br>revealed the ability of disease-causing microorganisms to grow rapidly. These may<br>infect nearby populations. The most common illness was diarrhoea, and the least<br>common was typhoid. Diarrhoea is common in Effurun, but dysentery is unlikely,<br>whereas dysentery is prevalent in Uviwe. The study found a significant correlation<br>(P<0.05) between indiscriminate sewage disposal and disease prevalence in Uvwie<br>(R-value = 0.799). The study attributed 64% of disease prevalence to<br>indiscriminate disposal and 36% to climate. The indiscriminate disposal of sewage<br>contributes to the spread of diseases. Approximately 48.9% of survey respondents<br>believe sewage causes breathing problems. Furthermore, 45% of respondents<br>recommend treating sewage before disposal, while 17.8% suggest cleaning gutters.<br>The study emphasises the importance of effective sewage disposal management<br>and makes recommendations for improving regulatory agencies, enforcement<br>mechanisms, and agency-Public Health Department collaboration.</p>2025-07-29T08:55:02+00:00##submission.copyrightStatement##